Telescope for submarine boats.



No. 850,054. PATENTED APR. 9; 1907.

I F. REHM & K. WINDST9SSER.

TELESCOPE FOE SUBMARINE BOATS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4, 1905.

4 sums-3112M 1.

| fr w I i I I st at an? e8 I 7 x I [7217672207 8 PATENTED APR. 9, 1907.F, REHM & K. WINDSTOSSER. TELESCOPE FOR SUBMARINE BOATS.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV-4, 1905. I

4 SHEETS SHEET 2.

Ewen tons;

Wl Etness es PATENTED APR. 9, 1907. F. REHM & K. WINDSTOSSER. TELESCOPEFOR S'UBMARINB BOATS.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV-4, 1905.

4 SHEETS-BHEET 3.

Mlnss; Q Inventor-4s: M4 AM No. 850,054. V PATENTED APR. 9, 1907. F-REHM& K. WINDSTOSSER.

TELESCOPE FOR SUBMARINE BOATS.

APPLICATION FILED nov. 4, 1905. I

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

R ///////l///////////?I// will nullllllllllullluli lnbenlorsr FRITZREHM, OF LICTTTENFELS,

' UNITED STATES I ENT OFFICE.

AND KARL WINDSTOSSER, OF NUREMBERG,

GERMANY.

.TELESCOPE FOR SUBMARINE BOATS- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 9, 1907.

- Application filed November 4, 1905. Serial No. 285,852-

Lichtenfels, in the Empire of Germany, and

KARL WINDsTOsSER, a citizen of the Empire of'Germany, residing atNuremberg, in the Empire of Germany, have invented a new and usefulTelescope for Submarine Boats, of which the following is a secification.

In submarine boats itherto telescopes were in use, by means of which itwas possible to keep a lookout while the boat was beneath the level ofthe sea. However, it was necessary to move about the lower end of thetelescope within the boat in order to ins ect different parts of thehorizon or sea, whic of course is a great drawback.

Our invention relates to a telescope for submarine boats by means ofwhich the several fields of view representing several parts of thehorizon or sea are obtained within one and the same circle, the severalfields of view being preferably so arran ed that the field of view ofthe fore part of t e horizon or sea is made the chief field and largerthan the other fields of view. Evidently it is of'great importance torender the chieffield, as lar e as possiblein other words, to render theorizon withinthe chief field completeas it is chiefly the horizon whichre uires to be watched and not the sky or the ower part of the view. Forthis reason we utilize either the front part alone or the front and rearparts of the area of the circle for the arrangement of the subsidiaryfields of view, which represent parts of the horizon to starboard, port,and astern, also intermediate parts, if so prefe red. We may evenincrease the number of the subsidiary fields of view in order to be ableto inspect the entire horizonall round at a time. Then the commander orconductor of the boat need not change his place, while he is able towatch everything. Of course-the scale of the subsidiary pictures will benecessarily smaller than that of the chief picture.

We further so arrange the telescope that all the pictures in thesubsidiary fields of view are erect in opposition to other knowntelescopes where the subsidiary pictures are turned through an angleincreasing from zero to one hundred and eightydegrees when from the otfour 0 jectives.

counting from the fore to astern. The several subsidiar pictures aredistin uished one fier by different co ors, either wholly or partly, orthey may be marked by suitable signatures. The commander or conductorwill then be able not only to see everything as it is, but also to knowwhich part of the horizon the respective subsidiary picture represents.

- We will now proceed to describe our invention with reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectionthrough a telescope for submarine boats. Fig. 2 is a longitudinalsection through a modified telescope. Figs. 3 to 6 represent'diiferentarran ements of the chief and the subsidiary fiel( s of view within acircle. Figs. 7 to 9 show the corresponding diagrams to show which partsof the horizon the several fields of view represent. Fig. 10 is alongitudinal section throu h the upper end of a telescope with Fig. 11is a horizontal section through the line a; y in Fig. 10, and Figs. 12to 15 represent various diaphragms. Figs. 16 to 20 represent, on alarger scale,

prisms of the subsidiary objectives provided with means adapted toproduce a distinguishment or desi nation in the several subsidiaryfields of View. Fig. 21-is a vertical sectional elevation of amodification of the telescope. Fig. 22 is a horizontal cross-section ofthe device shown in Fig. 21, wherein several diaphragins are not shown.Figs. 23 to 25 are plane views of the diaphragms, and Fig. 26 is adiagram of thevarious sectors of the horizon within the fields of Viewof the objectives.

Similar letters of reference refer to similar parts throughout .theseveral views.

R denotes a telescope, which may have a shape as shown in Fig. 1 or inFig. 2, it being desirable to contract its upper art in order to renderit as muchas possi le invisible. The upper end of the telescope isprovided with several openings 1 2 3 4, either in the same cross-planeor 1n difierent cross-planes, as in Fi 10, for receiving the objectives.Preferab y these openings 1 2 3 4 are made conical in order to obtain aslarge optic angles as possible, as is indicated by dotted lines in Figs.1, 2, 10, and 11. The lower end of the telescope R is provided with asingle ocular, which produces the pictures within a circle 5. (See Figs.3 to 6.)

Whenassuming the telescope to be provided with four objectivesat ninetydegrees from each other and having optic angles, as indicated in Fig.7,.we so arrange the telescope that the chief field of view nearlyoccupies the whole area of the 'circle 5'in Fig. 3,

- zon can be viewed at a time. In order to be able to examine the artsof V the horizon within the angles a 1, lifWl ll be necessary to turnthe telescope through an angle of 4a in either direction.

The telescope may have five objectives atequal angles from each other,as is shown in the diagram Fig. 8, when the angles a a Will be smallerthan before.

sidiary fields of view 7 to 10 may be arhave eight obj ectives.

ranged in the u per part of the circle 5, which is divided by a brokenline 11. These four subsidia fields of view 7 to 10 are shown as colorebut only in a small circle each.

The telescope may also have more'objectives, so as to comprise theentire horizon, as is indicated in Fig. 9, where it is sup osedto Theseven su sidiary fields of view 7 to 14 may be arranged in the top andbottom parts of the area of the circle 5, either as inFig. 5 or as inFig. 6. They are shown in Fig. 5 as marked with-letters corre{ sponding'to thosein the diagram Fig. 9, which designation may also be employedin Fig. 6.

Fig. 10 shows the arrangement of thechief system for collecting all therays of light from the fore part-of the horizon and sending-themdownward through the-tele-' scope R. It comprises a lens 15 as anobjective, a rism 16, and a lens 17, allof which may e secured in anyknown manner. Adiaphragm 18 (shown at Fig. 12 and having a singleaperture 19 of a shape similar to that of the chief field of view in ig.4) is disposed immediatelybeneath the lens 17 and serves for permittingonly those rays of light to pass downward which are to produce the chiefpicture in the chief field of view. These rays of light pass through asystem of lenses 20, 21, and 22 of any known construction to the s stemat the lower end of the telescope, whic will be referred to later on.

The four sub.

om the chief field of view.

s stem is dis osed in the telesco e R for col-- lecting all t e rays oflight 0m astern through the opening '2 and sending them downward in abeam of rays separate from the chief beam of rays. This system is shownas comprising a lens 23 as an objective and two prisms 24 and 25,between which a second diaphragm 26 is disposed. This diaphragm is shownat Fig. 13 and has. two small apertures 27 and 28 in addition to thelarge aperture 19, as in Fig. 12. From Fig. 11 it W'lll be seen that theopening 2 is laced eccentrically, so that the rays of lig t collected bythe objective 23 and deflected by the two prisms 24 and 25 may passfirst through the aperture 27 upward and then through the aperture 28downward, the a erture 28 corresponding to the subsidiary eld of view 8in Fig. 3. Two other subsidiary systems are also disposed for collectinall the rays of light from port and starboar respectively, and forsending them downward in two separate beams of rays to the lower system.Thesaid two subsidiarysystems comprise each a lens 29 in the conicalopening 3 or 4, respectively, (see Fig.'11,) as a lateral objective andtwo prisms 30 and 31. I Beand 34 34 in addition to the apertures 19 and28, as in the preceding diaphragm 26. The

rays of light collected by the obj'ective'29 in either subsidiarysystemand deflected by the tw o prisms 30 and 31 .pass first upwardthrough the aperture 33 and afterward downwardthrough the aperture 34.The two oar;- ertures 34 34 correspond to the-two subsi ary fields ofview 7 and 9 respectively, inFrg. 3. A fourth diaphragm 35 (shown atFig.

15) may be disposed 1n the telesco e'R beneath the part shown at Fig.10.1 tis evident that the several diaphragms 26, 32, and 35 serve forpermitting only those rays of light to pass downward which produce theres ective subsidiary pictures. I i

he modification shown in Figs. 21 to 25in its general disposition isofthe same construction as the-telescope above-described inconnection'with Fig. 10, except in that the objectives are negative,(instead of the posi- 'tive lenses shown in" Fig. 10,) such as thelenses 15? and 17 in the main objective and the system of lenses 23and'23 represented in the astern objective, and in that the diaphragms26 and 3 are .duplicated by diaphr gms 26 and 2, respectively,ofidentical construction.

The lens 20 in Fig. 1 serves for erecting the chief icture. while thelenses 36 36, incombination with the prisms 31 31 in Fig. 11;

1' I 5 lenses employed in the main and subsidiary (turned throughconvenient angles the 7 horizontal plane,) serve for erecting thesubsidiary pictures. A separate lens 36 is disposed for each subsidiaryobjective system in the telescope represented in Fig. 1, in whichconstruction the beams of rays of light passing thejmain objective andthe subsidiary ob- .jective's" are separately projected downward Withinthe tube R by convenient systems.

We do not further describe the said three systems, as their constructionis immaterial and .it' is Well known how to arrange other systems forattaining the above-mentioned results. The prisms may also be replacedby mirrors or other known means. For example, in Fig. 2 the said prisms31 31 are arranged for sending the separate beams of rays through thesame lens 20 throughwhich the chief beam of rays passes. Of course theseseparate beams of rays will also pass through the second lens 21.

The prisms 25 and 31 are disposed in such a position that their planesof reflection are bisecting the angles a, a a formed by the horizontal otical axis of the principal sector and those of the subsidiary sectors,as shown in Figs. 22 and 26, so that if the aperture of the angle a,between the optical axes of the principal or fore sector and of theastern sector is of one hundred and eighty degrees the plane ofreflection of the prism 25 must be disposed at ninety degrees withrespect to the axis of the principal system, and if the angles a, and(1,, formed by the optical axes of the principal sector and of the portand starboard sectors, respectively, are of ninety degrees the plane ofreflection of the prisms 31 must be disposed so as to include an angleof forty-five degrees with the optical axis of the principal system. Bythis arrangement the images produced by the different systems are turnedthrough an angle as will be required for erecting the objects withrespect to the main picture.

At the lower end of the telescope R the above-mentioned system,comprisin a lens 37, as an ocular, and a prism 38, is disposed fordeflecting the rays of light and forming the chief picture and thesubsidiary pictures in the corresponding fields of view. Theconstruction of the lower system is equally immaterial and may be variedto suit the circumstances.

The main picture in the main field of view serves for steering thesubmarine boat,while the subsidiary pictures in the subsidiary fields ofview will enable the commander or conductor to simultaneously watch theremaining parts of the horizon without changing his place.

The telescope may consist of two tubes slidable the one Within theother, such as shown in Fig. 2, so that its head part may be raised orlowered at will. I

, The ocular 37 may be of vany known or suitable construction andcombined with any other reflector instead of a prism 38.

In case differently-colored subsidiary pictures are to be producedsuitable glass panes in the respective colors may be disposed within thesystem or the ocular. Preferably they are located above the prisms 24and 30, as-represented at 40 in Fig. 16, when it is desired to have theentire fields of view colored throughout, Fig. 3. A partial coloring ofthe subsidiary fields of view, Fig. 4, is obtained by the employment ofa small correspondingly-shaped piece 41 of colored glass or othertransparent material situated at a convenientplace above the prisms 24,Fig. 17.

In case the subsidiary pictures are to be marked with signatures, Fig.5, it is evident that corresponding signatures will have to be made onglass panes or lenses or prisms 1n the lower system or the ocular. Theyare con- .veniently placed above/the upper surface of the prisms 24 and30, respectively, as repre: sented at 42 in Figs. 18 to 20, and aflixeuthereto in any appropriate manner or made by; etching, painting,photographing, or the I li e. In case the telescope provided'with fourobjectives does not comprise the entire horizon, as is indicated at Fig.7, the telescope .will require to be provided with an arm or other knownmeans to enable the operator to turn the telescope through an angle of aand to examine the remaining parts of the horizon. In case the telescopeis arranged to compr1sethe entire horizon, as indicated in Fig. 9, ofcourse no arrangement for turning the tele sco e need be made.

11 Figs. 3 to 6 the subsidiary fields of view are shown as circular; butit is evident that they can be given any other shape, as it is onlynecessary to provide the respective diaphragms 26, 32, and 35 (see Figs.13 to 15) with apertures 28 34 34 of the desired shape, (square,rectangle, oval, &c.)

What we claim as our invention, and-desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. In a telescope for submarine boats, the

combination with a barrel, of a main objecduce smaller subsidiarypictures of other parts of the horizon,means for erecting the subsidiarypictures with respectto the mam picture, means for projecting thevarious pictures downwardly within the barrel, and

an ocular system arranged for observing the pictures all at a time.

2. In a telescope for submarine boats, the

combination with a-barrel, of a main objective system capableofproducing a picture of a certain part of 'the horizon, subsidiaryobjective systems capable of producing smaller subsidiary pictures ofother parts of the horizon, all objective systems being adapted toproject the pictures downwardly within the arrel, means for erecting thesubsidiary pictures with respect to the main icture, and an ocularsystem arranged for 0 serving the pictures all at a time. I

3. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with a barrel, ofa main objective system adapted to produce a picture of a certain partof the horizon, a plurality of sub sidiary objective systems adapted toproduce smaller subsidiary pictures of other parts of the horizon, meansfor erecting the subsidiary pictures with respect to the main picture,diaphragms within the barrel having a ertures corresponding to thenumber, p ace, and shape of the pictures, means for projecting thevarious plctures downwardly within the barrel, and an ocular systemarranged for observing the pictures all at a time. i

4. In a telesco e for submarine boats, the combination wit a barrel, ofa main objective system adapted to produce a icture of a certain part ofthe horizon, a plura ity of subsidiary objective systems adapted toproduce smaller subsidiary pictures of other parts of the horizon, meansfor erecting the subsidiary pictures with respect to the main picture,means for differently marking the subsidiary pictures, means forprojecting the various pictures downwardly within the barrel, and anocular system arranged for observing the pictures al at a time.

5. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with a barrel, ofa main objective system capable of producing a picture of a certain partof the horizon, subsidiary objective systems capable of producingsmaller subsidiary pictures of other parts of the horizon, all objectivesystems being adapted to project the pictures downwardly within thebarrel, means for erecting the subsidiary pictures with respect to themain picture, intermediate lenses within the barrel, and an ocularsystem arranged for observing the pictures all at a time;

6. In a telesco e for submarine boats, the combination wit a barrel, ofa main objectivesystem capable of producing a picture of a certain partof the horizon, subsidiary objective systems capable ;of producingsmaller subsidiary pictures of other parts of the horizon, all objectivesystems being adapted to project the pictures downwardly within thebarrel, means for erecting the subsidiary pictures with 'respect to themain picture, dlaphragms within the barrel having aperturescorresponding to the number,

place, and shape of the pictures, means for diflerently marking thesubsidiary ictures, intermediate lenses within the barre and an ocularsystem arranged for observing the pictures all at a time.

7. In a telesco e for submarine boats, the combination wit avertically-disposed barrel, of a main objective system capable ofcollecting rays of light, and deflecting them downwardly within thebarrel, a plurality of subsidiary objective systems smaller than.

the main objective adapted to produce a similar effect with regard toother parts of the horizon, means for restraining part of the rays oflight passing the main objective, so as a to form recesses or darkplaces within the circular field of view, in which laces the subsidiarypictures are produced y the subsidiary objectives, a plurality of lensesWithin the barrel, and an ocular system in the lower part of the barrel.

8. In a telesco e for submarine boats, the combination wit avertically-disposed barrel, of a main objective system capable ofcollecting rays of light of a certain part of the horizon, anddeflecting them downwardly within the barrel, a plurality of subsidiaryobjective systems smaller than the main objective, adapted to produce asimilar effect withregard to other parts of the horizon, means forrestraining part of the rays of light passing the main objective, so asto darken those parts of the main picture at which the subsidiarypictures are produced, means for erecting the diflerent pictures,- aplurality of intermediate lenses within the barrel, and an ocular systemin the lower part of the barrel.

9. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with avertically-disposed barrel, of a main objective system for a certainpart of the horizon, disposed within the upper part of the barrel, aplurality of subsidiary objective systems disposed below the mainobjective and directed to other parts'of the horizon, all objectivesbeing composed of lenses and a refracting-face adapted to col.

lect rays of light and deflect them down-- -wardly within the barrel,the subsidiary ob jectives producing pictures on a smaller scale thanthe main objective, means for erecting the subsidiary pictures,intermediate lenses within the barrel, and an ocular system in the lowerpart of the barrel.

10. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with avertically-disposed barrel, of lenses and a reflector at the upper endof the barrel, for collecting rays of lig t from one direction anddeflecting such rays downwardly within the barrel, a plurality of otherlenses and reflectors, also at the upper end of.

the barrel, for collecting rays of light from other directions .anddeflecting these rays downwardly within the barrel, a diaphragm beneaththe lenses and reflector first named,

provided with an aperture, a plurality ofv parallel diaphragmscorresponding with the lenses and reflectors second named, each havingapertures therein, a lurality of other lenses wlthin the barrel, g asspanes inter- Used in the path of the several beams of ight-r ays andprovided with means for m arking the pictures, and an ocular and furtherlenses and a reflector at the lower end of the barrel for deflecting theseveral beams of light rays. t

1 1. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with a barrel,of a main system of lenses and a reflector at the u )per end of thebarrel and arranged for collecting the rays of light from a part of thehorizon and sending them downward through the barrel, a plurality ofsubsidiary systems of lenses and a reflector at the upper end of saidbarrel and arranged for collecting the rays of light from other parts ofthe horizon and sending them downward through the barrel, a diaphragmbeneath said main system and rovided with an aperture, a plurality ofparal el diaphragms for said plurality of subsidiary systems and eachprovided with apertures for the respective system or systems in additionto the apertures in'thc preceding diaphragm, all the apertures in thelast diaphragm corresponding to the main and the subsidiary fields ofview within a circle, a plurality of lenses in said barrel, anda systemof lenses and a reflector with an ocular at the lower end of said barreland arranged for deflecting the several beams of rays and producingthechief and the subsidiary pictures.

12. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with a barrel,of a main objective for a part of the horizon at the upper end of thebarrel, a plurality of subsidiary obj ectives smaller than the mainobjective for other parts of the horizon at the up )er end of saidbarrel, a main system of a re ector and lenses for said main objectiveand arranged for sending the cdllected rays of light downward throughsaid barrel, a plurality of subsidiary systems of smaller reflectors andlenses for said plurality of subsidiary objectives and arranged forsending the collected rays of light separately downward through saidbarrel, a diaphragm beneath said main system and pro vided with anaperture, a plurality of parallel diaphragms for said plurality ofsubsidiary systems and each provided with apertures for the respectivesystem or systems in addition to the aperturesiin the precedingdiaphragm,

all the apertures in the last diaphragm corresponding to the -ma1n andthe subsidiary fields of view respectively within a circle, the

main field of view having the full diameter of the circle and thesubsidiary fields of view being disposed in the top part and if sopreferred also in the bottom part of the area of the circle, a pluralityof lenses in said barrel, and a system of lenses and a reflector with anocular at the lower end of said barrel and arranged for deflecting theseveral beams of rays and producing the chief and the subsid-' iarypictures, said reflectors and said lenses being arranged for erectlngall the pictures.

per end of said barrel, a plurality of subsidiary objectives smallerthan said main objee-.

. tive for the fore part of the horizon at the uptive for other parts ofthe horizon at the up- I per end of said barrel, a main system of areflector and lenses for said main objective and "arranged for sendingthe collected rays of light downward through said barrel, a plurality ofsubsidiary systems of smaller reflec-' tors and lenses for saidplurality of subsidiary objectives and arranged for sending thecollected rays of light separately downward through said barrel, adiaphragm beneath said main system and provided with an aperture, aplurality of parallel diaphragms for said plurality of subsidiarysystems and each provided with apertures for the respective system orsystems in addition to the apertures 1n the preceding diaphragm, all theapertures in the last diaphragm corresponding to the main and thesubsidiary fields of view respectively within a circle, the chief fieldof viewhaving the -full diameter of the circle and the subsidiary fieldsof view being disosed in the top part and if so preferred also in thebottom part ofathe area of the circle, a plurality of lenses in saidbarrel, a system of lenses and a reflector with an ocular at the lowerend of said barrel and arranged for defleeting the several beams of raysand producing the chief and the subsidiary pictures, and means fordifierently marking the subsidiary pictures.

I 14. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with anextensible barrel, of a main objective for a part of the horizon at theupper end of said extensible barrel, a plurality of subsidiaryobjectives smaller than said main objective for other parts of thehorizon at the upper end of said extensible barrel, a main system of areflector and lenses for said main objective and arranged for sendingthe collected rays of light downward through said extensible barrel, aplurality of subsidiary'systems of smaller reflectors and lenses forsaid plurality of subsidiary objectives and arranged for sending thecollected rays of light separately downward through said extensiblebarrel, a diaphragm beneath said main-system and provided with anaperture, a plurality of parallel diaphragms for said plurality ofsubsidiary systems and each provided with apertures for the respectivesystem or systems in addition to the apertures in the precedingdiaphragm, all the apertures in the last diaphragm. corresponding to thechief and the subsidiary fields of view respectively within a circle,the chief field of view having the full diameter of the circle and thesubsidiary fields of view being disposed in the top part and also in thebottompart of the area of the circle, a plurality lenses and a reflectorat the lower end of said In testimony whereof we have signed toextensible barrel and arranged for deflecting this specification ournames in the presence :0 the several beams of rays, an ocular arrangedof two subscribing witnesses.

4 for producing the main and the subsidiary FRITZ REHM.

pictures, said reflectors and said lenses bein KARL WINDSTOSSER.arranged for erecting all the pictures, an Witnesses: 1 means fordifierently marking the subsid- HERMANN STUEHL,

iary pictures; CARL SARTORI.

